The Stones Tell: The Dry Stone Walls of Salento, History and Resilience in the Landscape

Dry stone walls, characteristic of the Salento landscape, represent a tradition that has its roots in ancient times. These structures, built without the use of mortar, are an extraordinary example of rural architecture, a symbol of a past rich in history and culture. In this article we will explore the origins, evolution and current use of dry stone walls in Salento.

 

The first evidence of dry stone walls in Salento dates back to pre-Roman times, and the walls of this period have a structure of square blocks placed horizontally.

The local populations, the Messapians, began to use them to protect their crops from grazing, to mark the border between one property and another, as a small enclosure for animals (ncurtaturi), or they built them along the coast to protect crops from atmospheric agents.

The construction techniques were handed down from generation to generation, improving and adapting over time, and a real "craft" was born, handed down from father to son, the so-called "paritaru" ("parite" in Salento dialect means wall).

Currently the most significant evidence of these ancient walls is found in northern Salento, in the "Archaeological Park of the Messapian Walls", which extends for 150,000 m² to the north-east of the municipality of Manduria. Inside, large sections of the triple circle of walls that surrounded the city in the Messapian era are preserved.

 

During the Roman period, the practice of building dry stone walls became more widespread. Following the example of the civilizations that preceded them, the Romans adopted more than one dry stone construction technique (opus, in Latin), but the most widespread in Salento is the polygonal work (opus siliceum). The construction technique involves the composition of a rock bank arranged in two parallel rows of large stones, then two more rows of smaller stones converging upwards are added and the empty spaces are filled with other thinner material. The rows are then tied together with other larger stone slabs, this time inserted edgewise. In this case too, the spaces are filled with material. To finish everything off, the remaining cracks in the facades are closed by inserting stone chips. The Romans, expert engineers, recognized the effectiveness of these structures in containing the land and in delimiting agricultural areas.

In the Middle Ages, dry stone walls continued to be used mainly for the creation of terraces on hilly terrain, to prevent soil erosion and facilitate cultivation, and also to build rainwater channeling systems, improving the irrigation of fields. These structures were also very useful in animal breeding, and the projecting walls, in addition to enclosing their courtyards, were insurmountable by wolves, foxes and cattle herders, as well as ensuring the possibility of saving on labor for the care of animals, raising them in a semi-wild state.

During the Renaissance, a period of great expansion and innovation in many sectors, agriculture also underwent significant changes. This era, characterized by the rediscovery of antiquity and a growing interest in science and technology, profoundly influenced the way in which agricultural landscapes were managed and structured. In Salento, dry stone walls became even more widespread and vital to the agricultural economy, responding to new production and environmental needs. With the expansion of agriculture and the increase in production needs, these structures proved essential not only for the delimitation of land and the control of soil erosion, but also for harmonious integration into the rural landscape.

The twentieth century saw a partial abandonment of dry stone walls, due to the mechanization of agriculture and increasing urbanization. With the introduction of modern agricultural machinery, the way in which the land was cultivated changed radically, as heavy machinery required large and obstacle-free spaces to function effectively, and therefore many dry stone walls were knocked down or destroyed. This change also led to a loss of traditional cultivation techniques and the knowledge associated with the construction and maintenance of dry stone walls.

The increasing urban development and the expansion of residential and industrial areas also significantly affected the landscape of Salento, because with urban expansion rural areas were often converted into urban or residential areas, leading to the demolition of dry stone walls to make room for new buildings. Furthermore, many dry stone walls remained abandoned and in a state of decay, as rural communities moved to cities and peri-urban areas.

In the last decades of the twentieth century there was a change of trend, and there was a growing recognition of the cultural and landscape importance of dry stone walls. Historians, archaeologists and environmentalists began to highlight their historical and cultural value as an integral part of the rural heritage of Salento. Furthermore, people began to understand how much dry stone walls contribute to the beauty and uniqueness of the Salento landscape, offering a distinctive element that enriches the view and understanding of the territory.

 

All this has led, nowadays, to a renewed interest in their conservation, with significant consequences. Today, in fact, the dry stone walls of Salento are recognized as a cultural heritage of great value. In 2018, the art of dry stone walls was inscribed on the UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage, a recognition that has given new life to conservation and restoration efforts. Traditional techniques are now taught to new generations, ensuring the continuity of this ancient art.

Furthermore, dry stone walls are increasingly appreciated for their positive environmental impact. In addition to preventing soil erosion, they promote biodiversity, offering refuge to numerous species of flora and fauna, a true "ecological corridor" that allows the transmission of a microfauna rich in insects, reptiles and amphibians that operate spontaneously, in synergy with human agriculture, to maintain a healthy and parasite-free environment. The interstices become their home and hiding place. The dry stone walls, with the spontaneous vegetation that grows between the stones or close to the walls themselves, constitute an important ecosystem. In their correspondence a particular microclimate is created, favorable to Mediterranean plants that can thus, thanks to the greater availability of water, overcome the summer crisis.

In particular, with regard to this last aspect, the project “L’Orto dei Tu’rat" – Storia di un’acqua spremuta dalla pietra” is worthy of note, part of the cultural/agricultural/ecological park in Ugento (Lecce). “L’Orto dei Tu’rat currently extends over an area of ​​16,000 m2, and is a type of barrier/drainage of very ancient origins, dating back to about 9,000 years ago and adopted in the Middle East. Since 2008, an apparently banal construction, modeled with dry stone in the shape of a crescent and arranged in such a way as to capture the humid south-west winds in its concave part, has caused the water contained in them to condense on its sloping surface. For the agricultural populations of the Mediterranean areas characterized by desert climates, with significant temperature variations from day to night, it was an effective irrigation system for the vegetation grown immediately at its feet. It is an excellent example of bioclimatic architecture, which exploits passive phenomena, avoiding the waste of non-renewable energy.

Even in the tourism sector, dry stone walls play a crucial role in preserving the authenticity and charm of the Salento landscape, acting as a magnet for visitors looking for a genuine experience. These ancient structures, which dot the territory with their rustic elegance, offer a glimpse of local tradition and culture, attracting tourists eager to explore and appreciate the pristine beauty and rich history of the region. Dry stone walls not only visually enrich the landscape, but also evoke a sense of continuity and connection with the historical roots of Salento, making each visit a journey through time and an immersion in the authentic culture of the territory.

The dry stone walls in Salento are much more than simple stone structures; they represent an authentic symbol of resilience, ingenuity and creativity of local communities. These structures, born from the expert hands of artisans who worked
with stones collected from the fields, are witnesses to a thousand-year-old tradition that has been able to adapt and thrive through centuries of historical and social transformations. From their ancient origins, when they served to delimit the land and manage natural resources, to the present day, dry stone walls have been able to maintain their function and their charm intact. Each stone, laid with care and precision, tells a story of adaptation and harmony with the environment, reflecting the ability of local populations to respond to the challenges of time without compromising their essence.

"Ogni petra azza parite" (every stone contributes to building a wall), or "Every stone has its own story", is a Salento expression that encompasses the essence and profound meaning of stone structures. This dialect phrase, steeped in popular wisdom, does not limit itself to describing a material aspect, but evokes a deeper connection between the stones and the stories they tell.

Today, as in the past, these walls continue to be much more than simple elements of the landscape: they are custodians of the historical memory and culture of Salento, uniting the past with the present and contributing significantly to the preservation of the identity and beauty of a unique territory. Their silent but powerful presence enriches the landscape, transforming it into a stage where history, culture and nature intertwine in a fascinating tale of resilience and continuity

by marianoimmobili

Liberty Style in the architecture of Salento: a journey between elegance and innovation

Introduction

Salento, located in the south of Puglia, is a region of extraordinary beauty, renowned for its splendid beaches, rich cultural and culinary traditions, and its vast architectural heritage. Among the many influences that have shaped the local architecture, Liberty style, also known as Art Nouveau, occupies a prominent place. This style, developed between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, has left a profound mark on the cities and villages of Salento, harmoniously blending decorative elegance and technical innovation.

 

Origins and Characteristics of Liberty Style

Liberty style was born in Europe between 1890 and 1910, as a reaction to the rigid canons of neoclassical architecture and growing industrialization. In Italy, the movement takes its name from the famous Liberty House in London, famous for its avant-garde furnishings and fabrics. Characterized by sinuous lines, floral motifs and an aesthetic that seeks to blend harmoniously with nature, Liberty stands out for the innovative use of materials such as wrought iron, colored glass and ceramics.

 

The Influence of Liberty in Salento

Salento, with its thousand-year history and strategic position in the Mediterranean, has always absorbed different cultural and artistic influences. Liberty architecture in Salento represents a meeting between local traditions and international trends of the time. This fusion is manifested in buildings that, while respecting traditional materials and construction techniques, introduce innovative decorative and structural elements.

 

Examples of Liberty Architecture in Salento

Lecce

Lecce, often called "the Florence of the South", is famous for its Lecce Baroque, but also boasts notable examples of Liberty architecture. One of the most representative buildings is Palazzo Tamborino, built at the beginning of the 20th century. Its facades are decorated with floral and geometric motifs, and the interiors feature elegant stucco and artistic stained glass.

 

Santa Cesarea Terme

Santa Cesarea Terme, known for its thermal springs, is another jewel of Liberty architecture in Salento. Here Villa Sticchi stands out, a palace inspired by Moorish architecture, characterized by domes, arches and polychrome decorations. Built in 1894, Villa Sticchi represents a perfect example of how Liberty could integrate with different architectural styles, creating a highly suggestive effect.

 

Nardò

In Nardò, a town rich in history and art, Liberty style can be admired in buildings such as Palazzo Personè. This building stands out for its richly decorated façade, where the floral details and sinuous lines typical of Liberty combine with the elegance of the local Baroque.

 

Santa Maria di Leuca

Santa Maria di Leuca experienced a period of great urban and architectural development between the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, when the nobility and upper middle class of Puglia began to build their summer residences along the coast. These villas, many of which in Liberty style, became symbols of elegance and refinement, transforming Leuca into an exclusive holiday resort. Among them we find Villa La Meridiana, Villa Mellacqua and Villa Episcopo.

 

Materials and Construction Techniques

In Salento, the Liberty style was able to adapt to the local environment, using materials such as Lecce stone, an easily workable calcarenite, which allowed for the creation of detailed and complex decorations. Wrought iron was widely used for gates, balconies and railings, often made by highly talented local craftsmen. Colored glass also played an important role, with windows and glass walls filtering light in an evocative way, creating plays of colors and reflections.

 

Living today in an Art Nouveau house

Our agency Mariano Immobili nel Salento is currently handling the sale of a prestigious property located in the heart of the historic center of San Cassiano, in the province of Lecce. It is an ancient stately home in Art Nouveau style, characterized by details of extraordinary beauty. The facade is embellished with a refined decorative parapet, while the entrance is adorned with a glass and wood door, full of elegant decorations in the same style. Inside, the polychrome cementine flooring adds a touch of color and refinement, making this home an authentic architectural jewel. With a careful and respectful renovation it will be possible to dive back into an elegant and refined style, without sacrificing the convenience of modern comforts.

Below is the link with a detailed description and photos of the property: https://www.apuliaproperties.com/immobile/historic-home-with-garden-for-sale-in-salento/

 

Conclusion

The Liberty architecture in Salento is a fascinating example of how an international artistic movement can integrate with local traditions, giving life to a unique and precious heritage. Through its elegant and innovative buildings, the Liberty style has enriched the urban and rural landscape of Salento, leaving a legacy that continues to enchant and inspire even today. Visiting these places means taking a journey through time, to discover an era of great cultural and creative ferment, which has been able to combine beauty and modernity in an absolutely unique way.

by marianoimmobili

The fascinating historical journey of Palmento: from its origins to the present day

The origin of the vine

It is said that the vine appeared for the first time over 200 million years ago in various areas of the planet. Various fossils testify to the presence of the vine in the European areas where it is currently cultivated for at least a million years, especially in regions of Asia Minor (Caucasus, Mesopotamia), where winemaking also seems to have originated, dating back to 4100 BC. It was the Phoenicians who brought the vine and wine to Greece. Subsequently, the ancient Greeks colonized southern Italy (Magna Graecia), bringing the cultivation of the vine to the Peninsula. Viticulture was then resumed first by the Etruscans, then by the ancient Romans. The origin of wine as a drink certainly derives from the spontaneous fermentation of grape juices, later processed and codified in procedures that have been refined from generation to generation.

 

Wine in the Roman era

It is to the Romans that we owe the spread of the vine in almost all the territories of the Empire. Furthermore, we can trace the origins of modern oenology back to the Romans. A peculiar anecdote is the one referring to two terms from the Roman era. The word “vinum” which indicated a wine mixed with other products, such as honey, resins and water, therefore a non-pure wine. The second term instead was “merum” which was used to indicate pure wine, without any mixing. This word, unlike the first, is still used today only in the Apulian dialect. In fact, good wine is called “mieru”.

 

Wine from the Middle Ages onwards

The decadence of Roman civilization, culminating in 500 AD with the fall of the Western Roman Empire, brings us to the Middle Ages. In these years there were no or at least no substantial evidence of technical progress from an agronomic and oenological point of view. The use of wine in Christian rites, and the work of rewriting ancient treatises by monks, meant that the principles of oenology and vine cultivation were passed down until the Renaissance. It is mentioned in the floor mosaic of the cathedral of Otranto (from 1163-1165), in the panel of the month of August, where a farmer is depicted, holding a tool with a blade in his right hand and pressing the bunches of grapes already cut from a vine with his left foot in a container. With the months of September and October, the depiction of the cycle of grape cultivation and wine production is completed.

During the Renaissance, natural selection and the hand of man led to the definition of the territories most suited to viticulture.

The 19th century marked the birth of industrialized agriculture and brought notable progress also in the oenological field.

The first significant cultural transformation occurred around 1870 and continued with extraordinary intensity until the early 1900s: the vineyard area in Puglia went from 90 to around 300 thousand hectares.

 

The Palmento and the Production of Wine

The Palmenti are ancient wine production systems consisting of tanks dug into the rock, rectangular or circular in shape, connected by a hole, used both for pressing grapes and for fermenting musts. The name derives from the Latin palmes palmitis, vine shoot, or from paumentum, the act of beating, pressing.

The Salento palmenti of the Byzantine era were dug into the rock, and the grapes were crushed there. One of the most important examples of this type is found in Carpignano Salentino, in the locality of Stigliano.

Where there was no friable rock, the palmento was built in masonry, waterproofing the tanks. The grapes poured into the first tank, whose hole was blocked with clay, were pressed with the feet and left to rest there for a day and a night; then, after removing the cork, the must was allowed to flow into the second tank. Finally, the must was placed in wine amphorae.

On some of the palmentos, a cross of certain Byzantine origin is engraved, recognizable by the semifera with which the vertical arm ends.

The crosses could have been engraved by the Byzantines on palmentos previously excavated by others that they intended to use for their profitable winemaking activity, as attested by the remains of Magna Graecia wine amphorae, present on the Mediterranean coasts until the entire period of Byzantine domination.

Over the centuries, the progress of grape processing and wine production went hand in hand with the evolution of the structural characteristics of the palmento, and just as the grapes began to be processed through the use of presses, at the same time the palmento began to grow larger and become structurally more complex.

 

The evolution of palmenti over time

Palmenti were born as simple tools for the production of wine, that is, two small tanks in the open countryside, and over the centuries their shape and structure has been refined and expanded. We find palmenti dug into the rock, such as the palmento located in the countryside of Uggiano, consisting of an environment entirely dug into the rock, formed by a single large room with stone seats, a tank and a specific point for the location of the presses, accompanied by numerous crosses engraved in the rock, and the palmento located in Alessano located in the Macurano area, which accompanies the other rock structures present in the area.

With the evolution of the pajara (truncated cone-shaped trullo) and the advent of the liama or lamia, more complex agricultural activities arise compared to the olive harvest, linked to viticulture, the fig grove and the vineyard and as such it also lends itself as a seasonal home for the farmer, who uses it during the harvest period and moves the whole family there. In fact, the liama is commonly accompanied by a small oven for baking bread and roasting figs, while inside, not infrequently, there is also a cistern for collecting rainwater and a palmento for pressing grapes. Liame with oven and palmento are found especially near more fertile lands, between Acquarica, Presicce and the fiefdom of Ceddhe, where, near the liama, you can also find large blocks of limestone used as the base of the presses for pressing the grape paste. The Palmento Baroni, near the Chapel of the Madonna di Pompiniano, right on the route of the Via Sallentina, represents significant evidence of the presence of the vineyard on lands currently occupied by the olive tree. With a square or rectangular plan, with perimeter walls made of dry-laid stone, the liame are covered by a barrel vault and therefore more responsive to housing needs. Precisely because of this last characteristic, the liame and their palmenti have been the subject of renovations and recovery interventions in recent years, which have given rise to charming homes that embellish the Salento countryside.

 

Subsequently, with the agricultural and architectural evolution, it was the turn of palmenti annexed to Masserie or Casini, and this type of solution is very widespread in the countryside of Presicce. The most significant examples are the Casino Stefanelli, Casino Cazzato, Casino Sant’Angelo, Casina dei Cari, and the latter today, as in the case of many other structures, has been recovered and transformed into a luxury relais, a place where the annexed palmento finds new life and use. Moving to the countryside of Carpignano Salentino, in the locality of Stigliano, we encounter the Palmento Casina Villani, renovated in 1939, but built in the late 1800s, where a large part of the structure was occupied by the large palmento, with a star-shaped vault.

In more recent times, palmenti have also begun to be present in inhabited centers, both for the exclusive use of private homes, where they have become integral parts of the home with possible subsequent renovations, and for common use by the population. This last hypothesis is represented above all when we find large structures, real buildings used for wine production, made of tuff bricks and with typical star and barrel vaults. The most significant examples are found near Collepasso, where there is a large elevated palmento, which bears the date 1749, and on the outside it still preserves the "anchors" where the workers tied donkeys and horses with which they came here to work; while the other is present in Morciano di Leuca, where the public structure called "palmenti" is located, unique in its kind, belonging to a rural, historical and cultural heritage of considerable value. The structure has been publicly owned since 2005, and the municipal administration has carried out a radical renovation of the premises, thus preserving a very important example of proto-industrial archaeology of the territory. The structure of the Palmenti and the annexed Vano del Torchio is located within the historic center, and belonged to the adjacent Palazzo Bitonti.

This has allowed, in modern times, that the typologies of palmenti just described can be recovered, renovated and converted into real housing units.

Palmenti, even if nowadays they are no longer used for their original purpose, are still a living and active part of the architecture of Salento, they are testimonies of a very ancient era, but still alive in the present.

by marianoimmobili

The Court Houses of Salento: tradition, architecture and sociality

In Salento, the courtyard house stands out as a typical peasant dwelling, characterized by an open space, both common and private, with direct access from the street and surrounded by one or more housing units. This recurring housing model in the Salento area originates from a basic module, usually a single rectangular room, positioned centrally within a lot and adjacent on one side, creating a corridor that connects the courtyard in front to the rear part intended for the vegetable garden.

The external spaces have a predominant importance compared to the internal ones. Although the vegetable garden was essential for the cultivation of the products necessary for the family, it is the courtyard that constitutes the heart of the house, conceived as a multifunctional environment used for work, storage, shelter for working animals and above all as a place for socializing, entertainment and leisure.

 

The origin

This housing model represents an evolution of the hut with a courtyard in front, initially poor single-cell constructions that later developed into "multi-cellular".

The origins of this particular building typology, commonly known as a courtyard house, are determined by several factors. It is a housing system that derives both from climatic and physical factors linked to the exploitation of the land, and from historical events that have left deep marks in this region. However, it is difficult to establish which of the two factors played a predominant role in its birth. It is likely that both contributed, together with the family organization, to determine the development of this particular housing form.

 

Evolution

In large centers, where economic conditions were less precarious, the basic typology of the courtyard house with a fence in front was joined by a more complex typology with more advanced space distributions.

In the evolution of this housing model, the living spaces were always raised above the ground and covered by barrel vaults, while the lower floors were used as cellars, stables, storage rooms and woodsheds.

The entrance to the open space of the courtyard is preceded by a covered carriage room called ‘sappuertu’ or ‘simportu’, large enough to contain the farm cart, the manger for the horse, the washing basin, the well and the cistern for drawing water. This room allowed the inhabitants of the courtyard, especially women, to gather to converse, sew, socialize, do the laundry or transform the products of the countryside.

Compared to the original model, the courtyards were enriched with a new element: the staircase. Made of stone and incorporated into the buildings, the staircase was only present in the upper part, so it was necessary to add a ladder to lean against the walls. This prevented outsiders from accessing the terraces, often used to dry food.

The staircase became a qualifying element, with massive round arches and several ramps that created surprising effects, representing an architectural element of connection between the privacy of the courtyard and the public road. Furthermore, in addition to accessing the terraces or the homes, the staircase also led to a typical architectural element of Salento: the mignano.

This element, a stage suspended above the driveway of the courtyard house, overlooked both the public road and the courtyard itself. The mignano, located a short distance from the arch of the entrance door, consisted of balconies supported by sturdy decorated brackets, often occupying the entire facade on the street.

The mignano, a legacy of ancient suspended stages or loggias, found its natural application especially in the Salento area, where the process of Byzantinization influenced culture and art. It allowed women to participate discreetly in the life of the city, offering an observation point without being seen.

 

Construction techniques and materials

Poor-quality materials and rudimentary construction techniques have accelerated the physical deterioration of the courtyard house, complicating its restoration and maintenance.

The facade of the house is extremely simple, with a gable that follows the slope of the gabled roof, where the channels for draining rainwater are located, usually made with limestone blocks arranged in parallel to adapt to the different levels of the roofs. Rainwater was then collected in enormous cisterns.

The facades of all the housing units, usually painted white, face the large open space of the courtyard uniformly, without highlighting the boundaries of the different families. The white walls, treated with lime, accentuate the contrasts and reflect the light.

The various wall structures and the roofs of the rooms also reveal the different eras in which the various cells were built. The more recently built rooms have vaults resting on sturdy pillars, while the original cells show the classic roofs with tiles.

The roof was made of a sub-base of reeds supported by wooden beams and covered with gabled tiles. Reeds were an ancient technique for creating sound-absorbent ceilings and roofs that were structurally robust and flexible at the same time.

As for the interior floors, they were made with slabs of very compact limestone, known as “chianche” (Cursi stone).

 

Structure and furnishings

The family nucleus resided in the simple courtyard house, consisting of a single room. A crucial element, located in the kitchen, was the fireplace with its smokestack, which not only represented the home fire, but also a symbol of family unity. Usually placed next to the entrance door, the fireplace was of considerable size, with a large base and an architrave decorated with floral motifs in bas-relief, becoming the main decorative element of the house.

The kitchen also served as a living room and workroom, as well as to welcome visitors. The beds, sometimes stacked during the day to save space, could be placed behind a recess in the wall. The bed plank was kept raised from the floor to allow the storage of agricultural supplies underneath it.

The door leading to the courtyard had a wooden frame and a circular hole at the bottom for the cat to pass through, while a window allowed natural lighting and ventilation. In the external garden, various domestic activities took place, such as grinding wheat, washing clothes, getting water from the well and drying agricultural products.

In the open space of the courtyard, there were accessories common to all families, such as the water cistern, the wash house called “pila” and the stone seats for summer evenings. Circular stone covers indicated the presence of dry wells called “fogge”, used to store wheat and cereals. Another element, although no longer in use, was the stompo, a cylindrical stone mortar for pounding durum wheat. Finally, the oven for baking bread was rarely present in the courtyard, since bread was generally baked in rustic ovens for public use.

 

Types of courtyard houses in Salento

The different types of courtyards in Salento reflect the variety and complexity of rural dwellings in the region. The most common is the “closed courtyard”, characterized by a single main entrance, a round-arched door, often equipped with a double-leaf wooden frame, which completely separates the courtyard space from the street. Other configurations include:

– “Open courtyard houses”, which form real urban complexes.

– “Private courtyards”, inhabited by a single family, often more affluent.

Looking more closely at closed courtyards, two main variants can be distinguished. The first type, more archaic, is mainly found south of Lecce, in areas where cereal agriculture dominated the economy and daily life. The second type is more complex and is typical of larger centers, where living conditions were better. Here, the rooms were higher and covered by vaults, while the lower floors were used as basements, cellars or stables. In these courtyards, staircases with several flights and the characteristic “mignani” often appear.

In Grecìa Salentina, especially in Martano, there are examples of courtyard houses similar to the Greek ones, with the courtyard in the center and the houses, stables and warehouses that overlook it. In some streets of Martano, as well as in the centers of Castignano dei Greci and Martignano, there are two residential cells of different sizes, side by side in the same courtyard, following the common pattern of "multi-family" houses. A notable example is the "Corte Grande" in Martano, with two primary cells arranged next to each other, which close two original uncovered passages

In Vernole, an entire neighborhood is made up of adjacent residential cells, with a front fence and a rear garden. This complex represents one of the most significant examples of Salento construction, with 51 family units ranging from the largest to the smallest families.

 

The role of the courtyard house

The courtyard house mainly serves the function of being a meeting and socialization point for the family. It is a clear example of how an element of aggregation is used collectively to guarantee survival resources, and is therefore respected and protected.

In addition to satisfying material needs, providing access to resources such as the well, the mill and the granary, the courtyard also responds to emotional needs. After a day of hard work in the fields, family members gather in the courtyard to tell stories, listen and socialize, thus trying to escape the isolation that characterizes rural life. It thus became a point of reference for families of the same social class, often united by kinship ties, gathering around the well and sharing daily activities, discussions and moments of meeting. Furthermore, the need for reunion between families arises from the desire to protect themselves from the dangers of the countryside and malaria, and to establish important social relationships for the recruitment of laborers in local markets.

 

 

The contemporary courtyard house

The courtyard house has recently been reinterpreted, highlighting a renewed interest in the enclosed domestic space. The courtyard, a symbol of individual isolation, represents a delimited portion of the territory, with its main facade facing inward and the external walls taking on a secondary role. The courtyard is not a completely open space, but rather a representative area with a large opening in the roof for ventilation and lighting.

The architecture of these homes seems to respond to the need to survive the anonymity and frenzy of modern metropolises. In recent years, the courtyard house structure has also been adopted in large urban agglomerations. The typical layout includes a central courtyard with balconies overlooking the internal walls, facilitating access to the housing units. However, the fundamental human characteristic is socialization, and in an age in which technology can lead to emotional distance, courtyard houses offer an opportunity for meeting and dialogue. The common spaces allow the inhabitants to interact, starting with a simple greeting that can evolve into a conversation and mutual knowledge.

by marianoimmobili

Discovering the Castles of Salento: Treasures of History and Architecture

Among the many jewels scattered throughout the Salento area, the castles undoubtedly stand out, evidence of a past marked by invasions, battles and foreign dominations. In this article we will explore some of the most fascinating castles in Salento, telling their history and importance.

A bit of history
Salento has a rich and complex history marked by various dominations, including the Byzantine (6th – 11th century), Norman (11th-12th century) and Aragonese (15th-16th century). Each of these has left a significant mark on the culture, architecture and traditions of the region. In particular, the domination closest to our times, namely the Aragonese, strengthened the coastal defenses against Ottoman incursions, building watchtowers and strengthening the existing fortifications. The Turkish invasions in Salento are an important and dramatic chapter in the history of this region. These attacks, which intensified between the 15th and 16th centuries, had a devastating impact on the local population and left deep scars in the collective memory.
Eastern, transalpine and Spanish traditions have learned to coexist over the centuries, bringing an influence on local culture and traditions, also visible in architecture and art.

The Aragonese Castle of Otranto
The Aragonese Castle of Otranto is one of the most significant monuments of the city, with a rich history that reflects the various dominations and influences that have characterized Salento over the centuries.
The first fortifications of Otranto date back to the Byzantine period, but the structure we know today has undergone numerous expansions and modifications over the centuries. During the Norman domination, Otranto became an important military and commercial center, and the fortifications were strengthened to protect the city from external attacks.
Under the Swabian rule of Frederick II, the castle was further strengthened. However, it was during the Angevin domination that a significant expansion of the defensive structures was seen, due to the growing threats from the East.
The castle underwent its most significant transformation during the Aragonese domination in the 15th century. Ferdinand I of Aragon, after the devastating Turkish siege of 1480, ordered the reconstruction and expansion of the castle to make it an impregnable fortress.

Structure and Defenses
The Aragonese Castle of Otranto has an irregular pentagonal plan, with corner bastions that strengthen its defense. The structure is surrounded by a deep moat, a common element in Aragonese fortifications to prevent direct access to the walls.
• Circular Towers: The bastions at the corners are surmounted by circular towers that allowed for better defense against artillery attacks. These towers are equipped with loopholes and gun ports.
• Access Gate: The main entrance is protected by a massive door with a drawbridge, a typical element of medieval fortifications that guaranteed an additional level of security.
• Internal Courtyard: Inside the castle, there is a large courtyard surrounded by buildings that housed the troops, warehouses and other structures necessary for the life of the garrison.

Architectural Elements
The architecture of the castle is characterized by a combination of defensive and decorative elements that reflect the various cultural influences of the period.
• Massive Walls: The walls are built of local limestone, with a solid and resistant structure designed to withstand artillery attacks.
• Sculptural Decorations: Despite its predominantly defensive function, the castle also features decorative elements, such as heraldic coats of arms and sculptural motifs that celebrate the power of the Aragonese dynasty.
• Patrol Walks: On the perimeter walls, the patrol walks allowed soldiers to patrol and defend the castle from above, offering a panoramic view of the city and the sea.

 

Gallipoli Castle
Gallipoli Castle is one of the most significant symbols of the city, strategically positioned at the entrance to the historic center. Its rich history reflects the various dominations that have characterized Salento over the centuries, highlighting an architecture that has undergone numerous changes and expansions throughout its existence.
The origins of the castle date back to the Byzantine period (6th-8th century), when Gallipoli was part of the territories of the Byzantine Empire. During the Norman domination (11th-12th century), the structure was expanded and strengthened, becoming an important defensive point against Saracen attacks.
In the 13th century, under the Swabian domination of Frederick II, the castle was further fortified. Subsequently, with the advent of the Angevins (13th-14th century), important expansion and renovation works were carried out to adapt the structure to new war techniques and defensive needs.
The castle underwent its most significant transformations during the Aragonese domination (15th-16th century). Ferdinand I of Aragon ordered the reconstruction of the castle after Gallipoli was involved in the wars between the Angevins and the Aragonese. The renovation and expansion works continued under the reign of Charles V, who adopted new military techniques to improve the defense of the city against Turkish incursions.

Structure and Defenses
The Gallipoli Castle has a quadrangular structure with four corner towers and a polygonal tower. Its strategic position on the water made it particularly difficult to attack.
• Corner Towers: The four cylindrical towers at the corners of the castle were equipped with arrow slits and gun ports for defense against artillery attacks.
• Polygonal Tower: The polygonal tower, known as the Rivellino Tower, was added during the Aragonese period and is one of the main architectural features of the castle.
• Moat and Drawbridge: The castle was surrounded by a moat, which separated it from the mainland, and the main entrance was protected by a drawbridge.

Architectural Elements
The architecture of the castle combines defensive elements with decorations that reflect the various historical periods.
• Mighty Walls: The thick walls made of local limestone were designed to withstand artillery attacks.
• Heraldic Decorations: On the walls and inside the castle there are coats of arms and heraldic symbols that celebrate the power of the noble families and sovereigns who governed Gallipoli.
• Internal Courtyard: The central courtyard of the castle was surrounded by various buildings that housed the troops, kitchens, warehouses and stables.

Copertino Castle
Copertino Castle is one of the most important and best preserved castles in Salento, located in the city of Copertino, in the province of Lecce. Its history reflects the political and military events of the region, while its architecture represents a significant example of Renaissance fortification.
The origins of the castle date back to the Norman period, between the 11th and 12th centuries. Initially, there was a Norman tower, probably built on pre-existing Byzantine ones. This tower was the nucleus around which the castle subsequently developed.
During the Angevin domination (13th-14th century), the castle was expanded and further fortified. With the arrival of the Aragonese in the 15th century, the castle underwent significant transformations. Alfonso of Aragon, in particular, ordered important expansion works to adapt the structure to the new defensive needs imposed by the introduction of firearms.
The current configuration of the castle is largely due to the Renaissance period. In the 16th century, the castle was expanded and transformed by the Castriota-Scanderbeg family, descendants of the Albanian hero Giorgio Castriota Scanderbeg. The architect Evangelista Menga was commissioned to renovate the castle, giving it the imposing and fortified appearance that we can still admire today.

Structure and Defenses
The Copertino Castle has a quadrangular plan, with bastions at the corners and a large moat surrounding it.
• Corner Bastions: The four spear-shaped corner bastions (called “a puntone”) are characteristic of Renaissance fortifications and were used to improve defense against firearms.
• Moat and Drawbridge: The moat completely surrounds the castle and was originally filled with water. The main entrance is accessible via a drawbridge, which could be raised in the event of an attack.
• Internal Courtyard: Inside the castle there is a large central courtyard, around which various residential and military buildings are arranged.

Architectural Elements
The architecture of the castle combines defensive elements with aesthetic characteristics typical of the Renaissance.
• Entrance Portal: The main portal is decorated with Renaissance motifs and has a round arch.
• Balconies and Loggias: Some internal balconies and loggias are adorned with elegant stone decorations, reflecting the Renaissance taste for aesthetics and symmetry.
• Rooms and Halls: Inside, the castle houses numerous rooms and halls, some of which are frescoed and decorated with heraldic crests and floral motifs.

Norman Tower
The Norman tower, dating back to the original period of the castle, is still visible and represents the ancient heart of the structure. This tower was integrated into the subsequent architectural modifications, becoming a symbol of the historical continuity of the castle.

Acaya Castle
Acaya Castle is a notable example of Renaissance military architecture located in the homonymous village of Acaya, in Salento, in the province of Lecce. The fortress has a long history that reflects the political and military transformations of the region and represents one of the best preserved castles in Salento.
The origins of the castle date back to the 13th century, when a watchtower was built during the Norman-Swabian domination. However, the current configuration of the castle is mainly due to the expansion and fortification works carried out between the 15th and 16th centuries.
During the Aragonese domination, the castle underwent important fortification works. In particular, the architect Gian Giacomo dell’Acaya, son of Alfonso dell’Acaya, was commissioned to transform the tower into a modern Renaissance fortress.
In the 16th century, under Charles V, the castle was further strengthened to defend the territory from Ottoman attacks. Gian Giacomo dell’Acaya designed a system of bastions and walls that made the fortress impregnable according to the canons of Renaissance military architecture.

Structure and Defenses
Acaya Castle has a quadrangular plan with corner bastions and a large moat surrounding it, reflecting the most advanced fortification techniques of the Renaissance.
• Corner Bastions: The four corner bastions, shaped like a spearhead, are designed to withstand attacks from firearms and to offer a wide field of fire to the defenders. These bastions are equipped with gun ports and arrow slits.
• Moat and Drawbridge: The castle is surrounded by a moat, originally filled with water, which constituted a first line of defense against attacks. The main access to the castle was via a drawbridge, which could be raised to prevent enemies from entering.
• Inner Courtyard: At the center of the castle is a large courtyard, around which are arranged various residential and service buildings, including barracks, kitchens and warehouses.

Architectural Elements
The architecture of the castle combines defensive elements with aesthetic features typical of the Renaissance.
• Entrance Portal: The main portal is decorated with Renaissance motifs and features a round arch with coats of arms and sculptural decorations.
• Balconies and Loggias: Some internal balconies and loggias are adorned with elegant stone decorations, reflecting the Renaissance taste for aesthetics and symmetry.
• Rooms and Halls: Inside the castle, there are numerous rooms and halls, some of which are frescoed and decorated with coats of arms and floral motifs.

 

The Castle of Charles V
The Castle of Charles V in Lecce is one of the main fortresses of the city, a symbol of military and political power in Salento during the Renaissance period. This castle represents an important testimony to the history and military architecture of the 16th century.
The origins of the castle date back to the Middle Ages, with a first fortified structure built by the Normans in the 12th century. However, the current configuration of the castle is the result of a complete renovation and expansion commissioned by Emperor Charles V in the 16th century to improve defenses against Turkish incursions.
During the Aragonese domination, the castle underwent various fortification interventions. The most significant transformation occurred under the reign of Charles V and his viceroy, Don Pedro da Toledo, in 1539. The military architect Gian Giacomo dell’Acaya was commissioned to design the new castle, which was to be an imposing and modern structure according to the canons of Renaissance military architecture.

Structure and Defenses
The Castle of Charles V has a trapezoidal plan with four corner bastions that give the structure a massive and imposing appearance.
• Corner Bastions: The four corner bastions, called San Giacomo, Santa Croce, Sant’Antonio and Sant’Antonio Abate, are designed to withstand attacks from firearms. The bastions are equipped with embrasures and slits for positioning artillery.
• Moat and Drawbridge: The castle was originally surrounded by a moat, which increased defenses against attacks. The drawbridge allowed access to the castle and could be raised in case of attack.
• Inner Courtyard: The inner courtyard is large and surrounded by buildings that housed the troops, kitchens, warehouses and other structures necessary for the life of the garrison.

Architectural Elements
The architecture of the castle combines defensive elements with aesthetic characteristics typical of the Renaissance.
• Entrance Portal: The main portal, decorated with Renaissance motifs and heraldic coats of arms, represents the monumental entrance to the castle.
• Balconies and Loggias: Some internal balconies and loggias are adorned with elegant stone decorations, reflecting the Renaissance taste for aesthetics and symmetry.
• Rooms and Halls: Inside the castle, there are numerous rooms and halls, some of which are frescoed and decorated with heraldic coats of arms and floral motifs.

Square Tower
Inside the castle there is a square tower that represents one of the original structures of the medieval castle. This tower was integrated into the subsequent architectural modifications, becoming a symbol of the historical continuity of the castle.

 

Contemporary use of castles
Castles frequently host temporary art exhibitions, ranging from contemporary art to historical exhibitions.
They are also used as locations for various festivals and cultural events, such as those dedicated to the promotion of reading and literature, with book presentations, meetings with authors and workshops for children and adults.
During the summer they host classical, jazz and pop music concerts, as well as theatrical performances and dance shows.
Castles are venues for conferences and seminars on various cultural, historical and scientific topics, supported by various educational activities, which make them important educational centers, with initiatives aimed at schools and families:
Multimedia technologies are also used to enrich the visitor experience, through interactive exhibitions and virtual visits.
Cultural collaborations are organized, such as exchanges of exhibitions and projects with museums and art galleries at national and international level, and community projects, such as Initiatives involving the local community, promoting active participation and the enhancement of cultural heritage.

Conclusions
The castles of Salento represent a heritage of inestimable value, living testimonies of a past rich in history and culture. Each castle has a unique story to tell, made of conquests, transformations and adaptations to the needs of various historical periods. Visiting these castles means not only admiring their architectural beauty, but also immersing yourself in a journey through time that allows you to rediscover the deep roots of Salento.
If you are passionate about history and architecture, or simply want to explore fascinating and evocative places, the castles of Salento are an unmissable destination. Prepare yourself to live an unforgettable experience within the walls of these ancient fortresses.

by marianoimmobili

Real Estate Investments in Lower Salento: Analysis of the Local Real Estate Market for Investments in Historic Properties

Basso Salento, a sub-region located in the southern part of Puglia, is emerging as an area of ​​great interest for real estate investments, especially for historic properties. This area, characterized by a rich cultural and natural heritage, offers unique opportunities for those who want to invest in properties with historical and architectural value. In this article, we will analyze the real estate market of Basso Salento, with a focus on the returns and potential future developments for investments in historic properties.

 

The context of the real estate market in Basso Salento

Attractions of Basso Salento

Basso Salento is known for its charming historic cities and villages, including Lecce, Otranto, Gallipoli and Santa Maria di Leuca. These urban centers are characterized by buildings in Lecce stone, baroque churches, castles and historic buildings. The historical charm, combined with a privileged geographical position between the Ionian Sea and the Adriatic Sea, makes Basso Salento a popular tourist destination, with a constant flow of Italian and international visitors.

 

The Real Estate Market
In recent years, the real estate market in Lower Salento has seen significant growth, driven mainly by the demand for second homes and properties intended for tourist rental. Investors are attracted by the prices that are still relatively affordable compared to other Italian regions, as well as by the potential for enhancing the value of historic properties.

 

Historic Property Investments

Historic Property Characteristics
Historic properties in the Lower Salento include masserie, palaces, courtyard houses and watchtowers, often surrounded by olive groves and vineyards. These properties not only represent an investment in terms of property value, but also offer the possibility of preserving and enhancing the local cultural heritage. The restoration and redevelopment of these properties require specialist skills and can benefit from tax incentives and public funding.

 

Investment Returns

Investments in historic properties in the Lower Salento can generate attractive returns, especially if the properties are used for tourism. The rental of holiday homes, bed & breakfasts and agritourism is a major source of income for investors. The growing popularity of Salento as a tourist destination has led to an increase in rental rates, with returns that can vary from 5% to 10% per annum, depending on the location and condition of the property.

 

Success Stories
Several restoration and redevelopment projects in the Lower Salento have demonstrated the potential for success of investing in historic properties. An example is the renovation of farmhouses transformed into luxury resorts, which have attracted an international clientele and significantly increased the value of the properties. Historic buildings in urban centers, repurposed as prestigious accommodation or residential facilities, have also recorded considerable appreciation.

 

Potential future developments

Market trends
Future trends in the real estate market in Lower Salento indicate a further increase in demand for historic properties, supported by initiatives to enhance the territory and by policies to encourage tourism. The growing attention towards sustainable tourism and ecotourism could encourage investments in structures that integrate heritage conservation with eco-friendly practices.

 

Financing opportunities and incentives
Investors can benefit from various financing tools and incentives offered at national and regional level for the redevelopment of historic properties. These include non-repayable grants, tax breaks and low-interest loans, which can significantly reduce restoration costs and increase profit margins. (See: https://www.immobilinelsalento.com/agevolazioni-a-fondo-perduto-per-investimenti-immobiliari-in-salento-pia-e-minipia/)

 

Challenges and considerations
Despite the promising opportunities, investing in historic properties in Lower Salento presents some challenges. The restoration process can be complex, requiring careful planning and specialized skills. It is also important to consider the impact of local regulations on heritage protection and urban planning, which can influence the timing and costs of projects.

 

Conclusions
The Lower Salento represents a promising real estate market for investments in historic properties, offering attractive returns and long-term development potential. The charm of its cities and villages, combined with a growing tourist context, makes this area particularly attractive for investors who wish to combine economic profit with the valorization of cultural heritage. With an appropriate strategy and a good knowledge of the local market, investments in the Lower Salento can prove to be a profitable and sustainable opportunity

by marianoimmobili

The magic of lights: the tradition of illuminations in Salento

Salento is famous for one of its brightest and most fascinating traditions: the luminarie. These spectacular light displays decorate cities and towns during religious holidays and special events, transforming the streets into real light shows. In this article, we will explore the origins, evolution, creation, installations abroad and the decorative use of luminarie in our homes.

 

Origins of Luminarie

Luminarie are an important cultural tradition admired throughout the world and represent a form of popular art that combines religious devotion and artistic creativity.
The term luminaria, from the Latin lumen, literally means "object that spreads light". Luminarie were made of papier-mâché and displayed during celebrations in the Renaissance, while in the Baroque period they were mounted on the facades of churches and cathedrals as a sign of devotion.
Originally, luminarie were nothing more than small oil lamps shielded by colored paper. The first prototypes can be found in the 16th century. Inspired by the designs for holiday decorations by artists such as Bernini, Fontana, Pietro da Cortona and even before Michelangelo, some artisans began to create structures illuminated with candles. The first evidence of illuminations in Puglia dates back to 1600, to accompany village festivals. Simple structures made up of poles and arches in fir wood, whose shapes recalled the Baroque style that was establishing itself in the region. Small glass containers with lamp oil and a wick for lighting were hung on the “parature”.

 

Evolution of Illuminations

Over the years, illuminations have undergone a remarkable evolution. From candles and torches, we have moved on to using electric bulbs, allowing for greater safety and a greater spectacularity. In the 60s and 70s, with the advent of technology, illuminations became increasingly elaborate, incorporating geometric, floral and baroque designs. In recent decades, technological innovations have led to the use of LED lights, which offer a wider range of colors and greater energy efficiency, allowing the creation of even more impressive installations.

 

 

 

How Are Luminarie Made

The creation of luminarie is an art that combines tradition and innovation. The process begins with the design of the drawings, which can include religious, floral, geometric or figurative motifs. These drawings are then transferred onto wooden or metal structures, which are then covered with LED lights or bulbs. The construction of the structures requires great craftsmanship and attention to detail to ensure stability and safety.
Luminarie are usually mounted on modular frames, which can be easily assembled and disassembled. This allows for flexibility in installation, adapting to different streets and squares. The end result is a series of arches, galleries and light panels that transform the environment into a breathtaking visual experience.

 

Illuminations, Religion and Pagan Festivals

Since ancient times, light has symbolized the divine presence in Christian countries, and candles were lit to illuminate places of worship during the most important liturgical celebrations. In the Renaissance, illuminations began to be displayed outside religious buildings, especially during the celebrations of nobles, who wanted to highlight their wealth. Every year, many cities and towns in Salento organize illumination shows, especially during religious festivals or cultural events. Illuminations are installed along the main streets, in squares and around churches, creating magical and evocative atmospheres. Salento is the region in the South where this tradition is most widespread. Of all the places, Scorrano is certainly the most famous, so much so that it is considered the world capital of illuminations.
According to a legend, during a plague epidemic, Santa Domenica asked the inhabitants who had been healed thanks to her intercession to display a candle outside the window. In a short time, all of Scorrano was illuminated by the warmth of the small lights. From July 5, on the occasion of the patron saint's day, the town is filled with illuminated structures up to 40 meters high. The event begins with a suggestive artistic show, in which the lights, which give life to real "ephemeral architectures" light up to the rhythm of music. This show of colored lights is so famous that it attracts visitors from all over the world.

 

Installations Abroad of the Lights

In recent years, the Salento lights have gained international fame, finding space in artistic installations and events all over the world. Cities such as New York, Tokyo, London and Paris have hosted the spectacular creations of Salento master luminaries. These installations not only promote the tradition and art of Salento, but also become a means of cultural exchange, fascinating audiences of different nationalities and cultures.
A significant example is the installation of the Salento lights during the Festival of Lights in Lyon, France, where the streets of the city were transformed into a magical landscape of light, attracting thousands of visitors and celebrating the art of Italian light.

 

Decorative lights

The charm and magic of the great luminous architectures of Salento can now be brought inside our homes, thanks to decorative lights.
These are light installations of various types, sizes and designs, designed to decorate and illuminate living spaces. They can be made with different materials, including wood, metal, glass and plastic, and are often characterised by intricate geometric, floral or abstract patterns.
The typologies present a very wide range of choice, which includes: table lamps, light garlands, pendant lamps, outdoor lanterns, wall decorations, etc.
Decorative lights serve various purposes, mainly related to the decoration and illumination of living spaces. Here are some of the main uses: creation of suggestive atmospheres, enhancement of spaces, decorations for special events, functional lighting, design elements, etc.

 

 

Conclusion

The tradition of luminarie in Salento is a celebration of light, art and community. From its humble beginnings with candles and torches, it has become a spectacular expression of creativity and innovation. Whether large public installations or home decorations, luminarie continue to enchant and bring joy, representing a luminous link between the past and the present, and between Salento and the world.

by marianoimmobili

Ecotourism and Sustainability in Real Estate

Introduction

Ecotourism and sustainability are increasingly relevant concepts in the real estate sector. These principles aim to reduce the environmental impact of construction and tourism activities, promoting responsible use of natural resources and improving the quality of life.

 

Sustainable Real Estate Projects in Salento

Salento is an excellent example of how sustainable architecture can be integrated with eco-tourism. Some examples of sustainable real estate projects in the area include:

 

  1. Eco-Friendly Masseria Salentina:

An eco-friendly masseria salentina is a typical agricultural company that stands out for its sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. These masseria often combine traditional Apulian architecture with modern eco-friendly technologies, offering an authentic and sustainable experience to visitors. Here are some aspects that characterize an eco-friendly masseria salentina:

 

Traditional Architecture:

  • Local materials: use of Lecce stone, tuff and other local materials for construction and renovation.
  • Design: preservation of original structures such as internal courtyards, thick walls and vaulted ceilings.

Sustainability:

  • Renewable energy: installation of solar panels for electricity production and water heating.
  • Energy efficiency: use of thermal insulation systems to reduce energy consumption.
  • Water management: rainwater collection systems and use of low-consumption irrigation technologies.
  • Organic agricultural production:
  • Vegetable gardens and orchards: cultivation of vegetables, fruit and aromatic herbs without the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
  • Local products: production of olive oil, wine, cheese and other typical products of Salento following sustainable practices.
  • 0 km cuisine
  • Seasonal menu: use of fresh and seasonal ingredients from the farm itself or from local producers.
  • Traditional cuisine: preparation of typical Salento dishes with particular attention to quality and sustainability.

Guest Experiences:

  • Ecotourism activities: guided walks, bike tours, cooking classes, craft workshops and tastings of local products.
  • Wellness: offering services such as yoga, massages and holistic treatments in a natural setting.

 

  1. Eco-Resort in the Natural Park:

Located in the heart of Puglia, the Salento Regional Natural Park is a protected area that extends along the Ionian and Adriatic coast, characterized by rich biodiversity, breathtaking landscapes and a unique cultural heritage. The creation of an eco-resort in this region offers the opportunity to promote sustainable tourism that enhances the natural and cultural resources of the area.

 

Vision: to become a reference point for sustainable tourism in Salento, offering a unique experience that combines comfort, sustainability and immersion in nature.

 

Mission:

  • Promote the conservation of the natural environment and local biodiversity.
  • Offer high-quality accommodation and services in harmony with the environment.
  • Educate guests on the importance of sustainability and conservation.
  • Support the local economy through the use of local resources and labor.

 

Resort Features

Sustainable Architecture:

  • Use of local and recycled materials.
  • Bioclimatic design to reduce environmental impact.
  • Renewable energy systems (solar panels, wind).

 

Accommodations:

  • Ecological bungalows built with sustainable materials.
  • Rooms with panoramic views of the natural park.
  • Luxury suites immersed in nature.

 

Services:

  • Restaurant that uses organic and 0 km products.
  • Spa and wellness center with natural treatments.
  • Guided excursions in the natural park.
  • Environmental education activities and workshops on sustainability.

 

Activities and Experiences

  • Excursions and Trekking: Guided routes to discover the flora and fauna of the park, with the possibility of bird watching and nature photography.
  • Water Activities: Kayak and snorkeling trips to explore the pristine coasts and marine life.
  • Culture and Tradition: Visits to local historical and cultural sites, tastings of typical products and participation in traditional events.

 

Sustainability and Conservation

Resource Management:

  • Collectin and use of rainwater.
  • Waste reduction and recycling programs.
  • Use of renewable energy to reduce CO2 emissions.

 

Biodiversity Conservation:

  • Collaboration with local authorities and environmental associations for the protection of habitats.
  • Projects for the restoration of degraded areas.
  • Monitoring and research on local fauna and flora.

 

Economic and Social Impact

Support for the Local Economy:

  • Collaboration with local producers and artisans.
  • Creation of jobs for the local community.
  • Promotion of responsible tourism that respects the traditions and cultural identity of Salento.

 

Education and Awareness:

  • Educational programs for schools and the community.
  • Workshops and seminars on sustainability and conservation.
  • Awareness campaigns aimed at the resort guests.

 

  1. Sustainable Agritourism:

Sustainable agritourism in Salento is an ideal option for those who want a holiday immersed in nature, respectful of the environment and local traditions. Salento offers many facilities that focus on environmental sustainability and authentic hospitality. Here are some common characteristics and tips for finding sustainable agritourism in Salento:

 

Characteristics of Sustainable Agritourism

  1. Use of Renewable Energy: Many agritourisms use solar panels, geothermal systems or other renewable energy sources to reduce environmental impact.
  2. Organic Farming: Sustainable agritourisms often grow organic products, ensuring healthy and zero-mile food for guests.
  3. Water Saving: Rainwater recovery systems and efficient irrigation practices are common to minimize water waste.
  4. Eco-Friendly Materials: The construction and renovation of buildings often uses natural and local materials, reducing environmental impact.
  5. Respect for Biodiversity: These agritourisms protect and promote local biodiversity, creating habitats for wildlife and using native plants in the gardens.
  6. Environmental Education: They offer educational activities and workshops to raise awareness among guests about the importance of sustainability and nature conservation.

 

How to Find Sustainable Agritourisms

  • Online Platforms: Websites such as Ecobnb, Agriturismo.it and Booking.com allow you to filter the properties based on sustainability criteria.
  • Certifications: Look for agritourisms with sustainability certifications, such as the Bio mark or the Ecolabel certification.
  • Reviews and Feedback: Reading reviews from previous guests can provide useful information about the sustainable practices of the properties.

 

Tips for Making a Home More Eco-Friendly

For those who want to make their home more eco-friendly, here are some practical tips:

 

  1. Thermal Insulation:
  • Improve the insulation of walls, roofs and floors to reduce heat loss.
  • Use eco-friendly insulation materials such as rock wool or cork.

 

  1. Renewable Energy:
  • Install solar panels to produce electricity or heat water.
  • Consider using geothermal heat pumps.

 

  1. Water Management:
  • Install rainwater collection systems for garden irrigation.
  • Use low-flow faucets and showers to reduce water consumption.

 

  1. Sustainable Materials:
  • Choose recycled or low-impact construction materials.
  • Use non-toxic paints and finishes.

 

  1. Energy Efficiency:
  • Replace old windows with high-efficiency double-glazed models.
  • Install energy-efficient appliances.

 

  1. Design and Planning:
  • Design your home to maximize natural light.
  • Consider the orientation of your home to optimize natural heating and cooling.

 

The Importance of Sustainability in Modern Real Estate

Sustainability in real estate is essential for several reasons:

 

  1. Reducing Environmental Impact:
  • Sustainable construction reduces CO2 emissions, consumption of natural resources and waste production.

 

  1. Saving Money:
  • Eco-friendly homes tend to be more energy efficient, reducing utility bills.
  • Sustainable homes often have a higher market value and quicker time to sell.

 

  1. Health and Well-being:
  • Sustainable buildings improve indoor air quality and reduce exposure to harmful chemicals.
  • Designing for natural lighting and the use of natural materials contributes to the well-being of the occupants.

 

  1. Social Responsibility:
  • Adopting sustainable practices demonstrates a commitment to protecting the environment and future generations.
  • Real estate companies that invest in sustainability often enjoy a better reputation and attract more conscious customers.

 

Tips for a Sustainable Holiday

  • Respect for the Environment: Reduce plastic consumption, recycle and save resources such as water and energy.
  • Support the Local Economy: Buy local products and participate in activities offered by local communities.
  • Sustainable Mobility: Use eco-friendly means of transport, such as bicycles or public transport, to explore the area.

 

Conclusion

Integrating sustainability into the real estate sector is not only an ethical choice but also a necessity to ensure a prosperous and environmentally friendly future. Projects such as those in Salento show how it is possible to combine tradition and innovation to create living and tourist spaces that respect nature and improve the quality of life.

by marianoimmobili

Non-repayable Grants for Real Estate Investments in Salento (PIA and MiniPIA)

The PIA Turismo and MiniPIA Turismo announcements from the Puglia Region are strategic initiatives recently promoted by regional planning with the aim of improving the quality standards of the tourism sector. Both are already active and will remain so until 31/12/2027.

 

Beneficiaries:

MiniPIA MiniPIA is aimed at Micro and Small enterprises in the tourism sector, including newly established ones, business networks or consortia, as well as self-employed professionals, equated to small businesses as economic operators, according to Article 12, Law 22 May 2017, no. 81. At the time of application, self-employed professionals must have a VAT number. The incentives cover investments ranging from 30,000 to 5 million euros (the previous funding cap, Title II, was 2 million euros).

PIA PIA is intended for SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises), business networks (composed of at least 5 enterprises), and medium and large-sized enterprises. Investments must range between 5 and 40 million euros. Small businesses must demonstrate an average turnover of at least 1 million euros in the last three years or have commercial agreements with 4-star hotel management brands.

 

Eligible Structure Types The call allows for the request of contributions up to 60% of eligible costs for investments in various tourist structures, including:

  • Hotels
  • Motels
  • Hotel villages
  • Historical residences
  • Hotels with wellness centers
  • Condo hotels
  • All non-hotel categories such as B&Bs, resorts, holiday homes, hostels, and outdoor accommodation facilities like tourist villages and vacation parks are excluded from the list. An exception is made for tourist-residential hotels (residences) operating for at least 6 months, and existing B&Bs created within a farmhouse or a previously uninhabited historic building. The properties must be in compliance with cadastral and urban planning regulations.

 

Objectives: The aim of this incentive is to enhance the territory through the development of essential services and products for the cultural and natural promotion of the Region. The ways to achieve this goal are manifold:

  • Expanding and improving the quality standards of the tourism offer;
  • Improving tourist services with a green and ecological approach;
  • Enhancing environmental accessibility and safety;
  • Digitizing tourism enterprises;
  • Advancing the tourism enterprise 4.0;
  • Training operators for the development of digital and other skills;
  • Qualifying and supporting regional employment, especially female employment in this sector.

 

Fundable Initiatives and Eligible Expenses PIA and MiniPIA Turismo financing does not include the construction of new buildings but the recovery of existing buildings to be converted into hotel activities or the improvement of already operational hotel structures. 90% of the financing concerns real estate assets, and 10% concerns process innovation activities, supported by a report produced by Universities or authorized bodies.

MiniPIA Investments between 30,000 and 5 million euros may concern:

  • The creation of new tourist or non-hotel accommodation facilities (with at least 5 rooms) in existing buildings;
  • Extraordinary maintenance, consolidation, restoration, and conservative rehabilitation of historic or abandoned buildings. For historic buildings, if the building in question is regularly inhabited, a "historicity certification" must be issued by the Superintendent for Cultural Heritage, while if the building has been uninhabited for at least three years, certification from a technician is sufficient;
  • Recovery of rural buildings, farmhouses, trulli, towers, fortifications, period houses, and farmhouses: they can be renovated for hotel purposes without the need for "historicity certification" but must have at least 5 rooms;
  • Expansion, modernization, and renovation of existing hotel structures;
  • Creation or modernization of beach establishments, campsites, and tourist moorings;
  • Creation, expansion, or improvement of sports infrastructure and theme parks.

PIA Investments between 5 and 40 million euros may concern:

  • New tourist and non-hotel accommodation facilities with at least 7 rooms in existing buildings;
  • Expansion, modernization, and renovation of existing hotel structures;
  • Creation of hotel structures in historic buildings;
  • Improvement of the territorial tourist offer to promote the desegregation of tourist flows.

 

Eligible expenses include:

  • Land value and its improvements;
  • Construction works and similar;
  • Machinery, plants, furnishings, and equipment;
  • Preliminary feasibility studies, design, and work management;
  • Patents, licenses, know-how, and technology transfers;
  • Software programs;
  • Wage costs for new hires.

 

These productive investment plans must be integrated with at least one investment of an energy, digital, technological, and waste management nature:

  • Projects of managerial, organizational, technological, and strategic innovation for tourism enterprises;
  • Training projects for the qualification of skills related to digital transformation, sustainable tourism, ecological transition, green conversion, related to the regional smart specialization strategy;
  • Investments aimed at environmental protection.

 

For SMEs, the investment plan for the incentive may also include:

  • Specialist consulting programs, including internationalization;
  • Expenses for participation in fairs.

 

Financial Incentives For PIA and MiniPIA, the non-repayable grant varies based on the size of the company but generally will fund 45% of the total investment, with the possibility of adding an additional 15% derived from the tax credit thanks to the provisions of the ZES Unica (from January 1, 2024, the special economic zone for Southern Italy – ZES unica, which includes Puglia, is established).

 

Disbursement Methods The bureaucratic process to request PIA and MiniPIA is divided into three phases:

  1. Access phase: submission of the application on the Puglia Region's online platform. It is specified that when submitting the application, the property must already be owned or, to demonstrate availability of the property, a preliminary sale agreement with a 10% down payment on the purchase price must be in place.
  2. Evaluation phase: assessment of the application by Puglia Sviluppo.
  3. Project presentation phase: submission of the final project within 60 days of admission.

Funds will be disbursed on a first-come, first-served basis. The first-come, first-served evaluation procedure examines funding requests in the order of application submission. Once the allocated funds are exhausted, the evaluation process stops. The first-come, first-served procedure does not automatically imply that the order of arrival is the only determining factor. In some calls, there are precedence criteria (e.g., for youth or female enterprises), and in all cases, it is still necessary to pass the formal eligibility assessment.

The form of aid is a non-repayable grant. Non-repayable grants are probably the most well-known and appreciated form of subsidized finance by companies. It is a monetary provision that is not subject to any obligation of repayment. Non-repayable grants are generally (but not necessarily) granted in return for the submission of a specific project, in the form of a contribution in percentage terms of the total expenses presented in the application. A small example: the company participates in a call that grants non-repayable sums for 40% of the total presented projects. If the project involves a total cost of 100,000 euros, this means that a sum of 40,000 euros will be granted, which will not have to be repaid.

There are conditions, as the plan presented must be adhered to, or expenses anticipated, which will then be reimbursed, and moreover, the tourism-hotel use of the property must remain active for at least 3 years from the moment of its opening.

If you wish to renounce the funding after already submitting the application, there are two cases: if the practice is already advanced, i.e., accepted and the funding disbursed, it will be necessary to return the received sum plus interest, otherwise, if the application has not yet received a response, it will be sufficient to make a formal renunciation.

To ensure that PIA and Mini PIA applications are adequately and completely submitted, it is advisable to rely on an expert in the sector, someone who meticulously and carefully manages the funding request. A renowned professional, especially for this kind of operation, is the Chartered Accountant Marco De Marco, with an office in Lecce at Via Giovanni Gentile no. 6, who, in recent years with the Title II funding, and now with PIA and Mini Pia Turismo, is helping numerous entrepreneurs navigate the bureaucratic process and realize their projects.

 

Fundable Properties in Salento The Salento real estate market is rich in historic and ancient properties to be restored and recovered, which could be the subject of Mini PIA Turismo funding, not only by local companies but also by out-of-region or foreign companies, which see Salento as an increasingly attractive investment area.

One of the purposes of the funding is to give new life to these properties full of traditions, which with their architectural elements deeply characterize the territory, making Salento appreciated worldwide not only for its natural resources. We have a heritage with great tourist-economic potential, and the main goal is to realize and align it with current market demands, without neglecting environmental sustainability.

Currently, on our portal www.immobilinelsalento.com, we offer properties for sale that could be subject to Mini PIA Turismo funding. Here are some examples:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conclusions Those involved in tourism in Salento today have an additional resource to draw from to ensure that the historical-architectural heritage of this territory is recovered and brought to new life, also boosting the local economy. In recent years, there has been a trend, especially among foreign and out-of-region visitors, in search of the original Salento, with the first step of their journey being the search for accommodation that fully reflects the historicity and originality of the place. There is still much work to be done, but the recovery process is on the right track, with careful restoration to details and customer demands, aimed at rediscovering the most authentic Salento.

by marianoimmobili

The Via Francigena in Salento: let's discover the itineraries between history, nature and architecture

Historically, Via Francigena, or rather Vie Francigene, refers to a group of streets that connected the territories dominated by the Franks (now France and Germany) to Rome in medieval times. Today we talk about Vie Francigene also to indicate those cultural itineraries towards Rome, intended for modern pilgrimage and sustainable tourism.

The saying "all roads lead to Rome" can ironically give an idea of ​​how many Vie Francigene there are on a theoretical level. The history of this path has its origins in the Middle Ages, when pilgrims had to reach one of the peregrinationes majores, to get to Jerusalem, Santiago or Compostela. The pilgrims' journey, in fact, started from Southern Italy to reach Northern Europe or, on the contrary, began in Rome to reach Puglia, where they embarked for the Holy Land. In fact, pilgrims in the Middle Ages started from their home and traveled not only the 'road' network of the time, but also all those paths and pavements which least exposed them to the risk of assault or accidents but which at the same time passed through places where it was possible receive hospitality and food.

The Via Francigena in Salento extends along the heel of the boot for approximately 120 km: a journey into the culture of this strip of land which boasts countless unmissable stops, between the main cities such as Lecce and Otranto, the thousand-year-old city that looks to the East, admiring fascinating architectural works, passing through villages and countryside, where there is no shortage of ancient testimonies of pilgrimage stages.

 

Alto Salento, the origins of the route

The route starts from the city, or rather from the port of Brindisi, and one of the symbolic elements are the Two Columns of the Appian Way, arrival for those who had to leave for the Holy Land, or departure for those who had to go to Rome. For a long time the columns were considered terminals of the Appian Way, but the placement of the columns on the rise overlooking the port of Brindisi, and the relationship with the view of the mouth of the same, demonstrate that they were raised with a celebratory intent, perhaps to support of two bronze statues.

Another obligatory stop for anyone passing through Brindisi is the Church of San Giovanni al Sepolcro, very ancient, from the Norman age (11th century), built on several layers of the city's history. It is a small re-enactment of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, with a circular plan to indicate the circularity of life and spirituality that rises upwards, accompanied by cycles of frescoes and carved capitals.

Continuing the journey, close to Torchiarolo, we find Valesio, an ancient city that was first Messapian, then Roman, then Byzantine, which remained in existence until the year 1000 AD. approximately as a medieval village, then uninhabited, literally crossed by the Via Traiana-Calabra. It is a very important city in antiquity, where many excavations have yet to be carried out, but in which many coins from various parts of the Mediterranean have been found so far, and this makes us understand that this place was the hub of exchanges, commerce and passage of people from many different places, which still has a lot to tell.

On the stretch of road that leads us from Valesio towards Surbo, we come across a historical-architectural asset of great value, which since 2012 has been managed directly by the FAI

(Italian Environment Fund), namely the Abbey of Santa Maria a Cerrate.Dating back to the 11th century, although according to archaeological excavations  was enlarged until it became one of the most important monastic centers in southern Italy: in 1531, when it came under the control of the Hospital of Incurables of Naples, the complex included, in addition to the church, stables, accommodation for the farmers, a well, a mill, two underground oil mills. The sacking of Turkish pirates in 1711 plunged the entire center into a state of complete abandonment which continued throughout the 19th century. Today, after a complex restoration, the Abbey can be visited again and represents a splendid example of Apulian Romanesque architecture embellished with important frescoes that make it unique in the Byzantine world. there were previous settlements, during the 12th century it was also a center of production (especially of cereals), and was inhabited by Byzantine monks who were fleeing from Turkish persecution in Byzantium. The locality was an important religious and cultural hub. the Abbey

In the countryside of Lecce, on the border with the municipality of Surbo, there is another very important stop on the Via Francigena Salentina, namely the Church of Santa Maria d'Aurìo.

Dating back to the 12th century, it is the oldest architectural testimony of the medieval farmhouse of Aurìo, which disappeared between the 15th and 16th centuries. The church was another place that was crossed before arriving in Lecce, and in addition to being full of crosses, a distinctive and characterizing sign of the passage of pilgrims, it also has a series of boats engraved on its facade, and this is a sign that the pilgrims they were preparing for the journey to go to the holy land and had to cross the Adriatic. The vast majority of these travellers, especially those who came from northern Europe, had never seen the sea, and the experience of navigation was terrifying for them, because it happened that due to rough seas and storms, ships were shipwrecked and pilgrims died. drowned. The design of the ship was engraved almost like a votive offering, to ensure that the church protected their journey. In the event that they managed to arrive from the east to Salento, after crossing the stormy sea, the engraving became an ex-voto for the grace received.

 

From Lecce towards south Salento

At the entrance to Lecce we are welcomed by the former Olivetan Monastery, and the ancient monastery, more than a secluded place, was a strategic site, chosen in the 12th century by Tancredi d'Altavilla, the last Norman count of Lecce, to build a sumptuous religious complex, assigning it to the Benedictine Order. The abbey aroused amazement from the beginning due to its magnificence and the church, dedicated to Saints Niccolò and Cataldo, reached "the highest level" among medieval architecture in the Terra d'Otranto. In 1494 the Olivetans (Benedictines of Monte Oliveto) arrived, replacing the pre-existing community, now in extinction. While the church was preserved and enriched, the convent was rebuilt in majestic form.

The Via Francigena passes through Lecce, where the Church of San Nicolò dei Greci is located in the historic center.
It is a Salento church built above an ancient church dating back to the 9th century, of which the ancient crypt and the apse part still exist. Ancient paintings are still present in the crypt. The small church was called the “Church of San Giovanni del Malazio” and at a certain point it had been abandoned. In the rear part of the church there is a cistern, which collected the waters of an aquifer of the Idume river, the river of Lecce.

Proceeding towards the fortified city of Acaya, and crossing the countryside of Melendugno, you arrive in the area of ​​Grecìa Salentina, and one

of the places most frequented by travelers was that of Carpignano Salentino, where the baroque Parish Church from the 16th century stands out, which houses the Crypt of Santa Cristina dug into the tuff between the 8th and 9th centuries. The Crypt is the only place from this era where the client and the fresco painter are known, as their names are mentioned in the numerous writings in Greek that cover the walls of the crypt. The frescoes on the walls, which are more than a thousand years old, have been preserved very well and the crypt is the only case in the entire Mediterranean where we have such a wealth of data. This type of frescoes continues to remind us that at the time, for those crossing the Via Francigena, the main point of reference was Constantinople, where Greek was spoken.

We continue between ancient farms and a lush pine forest until we cross the village of Cànnole, where we find the Village of Torcìto, which was initially a village, then in the 12th
century it became a Masseria, to which over the years further structures were added, such as the dovecote tower and the Church dedicated to San Vito. The Masseria di Torcìto is surrounded by lush vegetation, which has accompanied it over the centuries, and which today has given life to the Torcìto Natural Park, much appreciated by trekking enthusiasts.

We then arrive at the eighteenth-century Sanctuary of Monte Vergine in Palmariggi, which houses a precious crypt from the Byzantine period, on whose eastern side there was an altar containing a half-length fresco of the Madonna with the Baby Jesus in her arms.

Giurdignano follows with its "Megalithic Garden", an area rich in dolmens and menhirs, and we remember in particular the San Paolo Menhir, another stop on the Francigena route, where a crypt was excavated inside the rocky spur, probably from the Byzantine, inside which you can see a fresco representing the taranta, a poisonous spider that bit women, the so-called tarantate, of whom Saint Paul is the protector.

In the smallest municipality in the whole of Salento, Giuggianello, still between dolmens and menhirs, there is the ancient Masseria Quattro Macine, a Byzantine settlement dating back to the 7th century, attacked by the Turks over the years, rebuilt, used as a post station, tobacco factory, farm .

 

We then enter the gully of the Idro Valley, and pass through the Grotta di Sant'Angelo, a partly destroyed church-crypt, where some traces of the frescoes that decorated the walls of the cave are still evident, representing sacred figures, people in tunics, the faces of two women, and saints. Although the frescoes are difficult to identify today, the Sant'Angelo cave is undoubtedly one of the most evocative and interesting in the entire Idro valley.

We then head to the center of Otranto with the splendid Cathedral of S.Maria Annunziata, built on the remains of a Messapian village, a Roman domus and an early Christian temple, it was founded in 1068. It is a synthesis of different architectural styles including Byzantine, early Christian and Romanesque elements. The 13th century frescoes were almost all destroyed by the Turkish invasion of 1480. However, the precious mosaic floor remains intact, executed between 1163 and 1165, of great scenic impact due to the large decoration representing scenes from the Old Testament, chivalric cycles, medieval bestiaries. The images, arranged along the development of the Tree of Life, retrace the human experience from original sin to salvation. The crypt is very particular from an architectural point of view, which dates back to the 11th century and is a miniature of the famous Cistern of Theodosius or the Mosque of Cordoba. It has three semicircular apses and is characterized by forty-eight bays interspersed with over seventy columns, semi-columns and pillars. The singularity lies in the diversity of the support elements, coming from ancient and early medieval buildings, from the various figurative repertoire. The surviving frescoes which span a chronological span from the Middle Ages to the sixteenth century are of great value.

No less important is the Church of San Pietro, also in Otranto, it is one of the most representative medieval buildings of the South of the Byzantine building tradition and remains the highest and most vivid expression of Byzantine art in Puglia. The sacred building probably represented the first basilica of the city, elected metropolis in 968 and directly dependent on the patriarchal seat of Constantinople. Its dating has long been the subject of debate among scholars, but from the analysis of the structure, the frescoes and the inscriptions in Greek, it seems attributable to the 9th-10th century. In the three apses at the back there are splendid Byzantine-style frescoes dating back to the 10th-11th century

After passing Cocumola, where the Menhir of the Cross stands in Via Savoia 26, you walk among pine forests and olive groves up to Vignacastrisi.

It is then the turn of Andrano, in whose countryside we find the Crypt of Attàrico; it is believed that from the 8th to the 10th century the cave hosted Basilian monks, and two frescoes are still present. Initially as a refuge, and later as a spiritual hermitage, the monks in the meantime moved to the nearby abbey of Santa Maria del Mito, a cultural center and totally self-sufficient farm, located between the fiefdom of Tricase and that of Andrano.

 

The final destination

The route of the Via Francigena Salentina is almost over, and about 1 km from Santa Maria di Leuca, near today's Masseria Coppola, on the SS 275, the last stop was the ancient Cappella dei Lazzari, where illnesses were treated . Built in the 14th century. by the Grand Dukes of Tuscany for the Florentine sailors, who frequented the port of Leuca in large numbers, unfortunately it no longer exists.

The last stop, and undoubtedly the most significant, is in Santa Maria di Leuca, at the Basilica – Sanctuary S. Maria de Finibus Terrae, which has its roots in the early days of Christianity. It stands where there had been the temple dedicated to the goddess Minerva of which, upon entering the church, on the right, an relic is preserved: the altar or a part of it, on which sacrifices were offered to the goddess. Tradition has it that the apostle Peter in 43 AD. he landed in Puglia to return to Rome after his journey to the East. On this occasion, the temple was dedicated to the Savior and
converted into a Christian sanctuary. It was precisely here, in fact, that Saint Peter began his work of conversion, starting from the Salento population and then continuing throughout the West. The testimony of the apostle's passage is the Petrina Cross placed in front of the Sanctuary. Only at a later time was it consecrated to Santa Maria di Leuca. Precisely because of its highly coveted position, the sanctuary was unfortunately targeted numerous times over time, in particular by the Turks and Saracens, as an indirect attack on the Christian religion. It was destroyed five times, the last of which in 1720. The numerous reconstructions obviously gave the Sanctuary a different appearance from the original one, but the faithful wanted to maintain the structure of the perimeter walls.

 

Conclusions

The path we followed takes us back in time thousands of years, and allows us to understand and discover the most ancient origins of the architectural beauties that dot the route of the Via Francigena Salentina, starting from small treasure chests, such as the crypts, up to arrive at immense treasures, such as abbeys and farms.

They are places that are still part of our present today, and which will enrich our future.

by marianoimmobili